Art and the Kingdom

Art and the Kingdom

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Batman V Superman (2016) and its Missed Theological Message – Part 2

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Previously, in part one of this article series, we introduced the argument that the message of Batman V Superman was missed by most of the general audience due to theological…

Previously, in part one of this article series, we introduced the argument that the message of Batman V Superman was missed by most of the general audience due to theological apathy and biblical illiteracy. We then dove into the problem of evil, how the foundation for morality has been stripped away, and how Batman is a Nietzsche inspired Übermensch and Killer of God. We now turn Batman’s redemption in Superman.

WHY DID YOU SAY THAT NAME!

While we all made fun of the infamous Martha moment in Batman V Superman, and while it can come off as cheesy, I do think we missed what Zack Snyder was trying to convey.

Batman hates Superman for not being a man, for being deistic, for not being able to relate or to care for humankind. Batman, while fighting Superman, states, “You’re not brave… men are brave. You say that you want to help people, but you can’t feel their pain… their mortality… It’s time you learn what it means to be a man.” At the end of the fight, when Batman is about to kill Superman, he says, “You were never a god, you were never even a man.”

What Bruce Wayne misses is the fact that Superman is human, that he has emptied himself to become a servant, he has wept, he is a man who knows sorrow well, he can sympathize with our weaknesses, he has felt the pain that the Problem of Evil brings. He is not a deistic god who cares not about his people. Rather He is God in the flesh; he is a God who has a mother. It is at this moment in which Batman’s heart changes. Bruce sees Clark beg to save his mom, Martha. Zack Snyder states:

“The Martha moment… is Bruce’s opportunity to reconnect with his own humanity and the humanity of Superman. Batman doesn’t end the fight because their mothers have the same name, but because he recognizes Superman as someone with a mother, and thus a human, despite his alien origins. The battle against Superman is ultimately Bruce’s realization that he can be better and reconnect with humanity again. It’s not a redemption, or a full change, as he does kill mercenaries at the warehouse in the following scene, but it is a start.”1

Batman realizes that Superman shares his humanity; it is the realization of the Incarnation that changes Batman. He realizes that God is not far from our suffering, but is with us in it! Now while Batman still kills, he does eventually return home to his no-kill rule in the Justice League. He finds his true humanity again, a humanity that is transformed and likened to Superman or to Christ.

Superman and the Death of Christ

The religious imagery and comparison of Superman to Christ is obvious throughout both Man of Steel (2013) and Batman V Superman. One only has to look at the images below to understand what Zack Snyder is doing:

The original creators of Superman, Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster, created Superman as Moses-figure. Superman has since been seen as both a Moses and a Christ-figure. In Hebrew, Kal-El, Superman’s Kryptonian name, means “Voice of God”. In Man of Steel, he is thirty-three years of age when he begins making public his Superhero activities. Another powerful image is when Jor-El (Superman’s Kryptonian father) says to Superman, “You can save all of them.” Superman then extends his arms from his sides in a crucifix before going to save humanity from destruction. The Christ imagery is blunt and obvious.

Another comparison to Christ is the fact that Superman chooses to save humanity. His mother, Martha Kent, states, “Be their hero, Clark. Be their angel, be their monument, be anything they need you to be… or be none of it. You don’t owe this world a thing. You never did.” Superman could easily regret ever coming to earth and forgo the saving of humanity. God could regret that he ever made mankind and flood the earth once again, but he does not! Rather, he willingly submits to suffering:

Do you think I cannot call on my Father, and he will at once put more than twelve legions of angels at my disposal? – Matthew 26:53

No one takes it from me, but I lay it down of my own accord. – John 10:18

But when the goodness and loving kindness of God our Savior appeared, he saved us, not because of works done by us in righteousness, but according to his own mercy. – 1 Timothy 3:4

Superman willingly chooses to save humankind from Doomsday even though he knows that it will cost him his life. Zack Snyder and the concept artists position religious imagery to evoke Superman as the Christ:

Lastly, one of the most striking symbols is the kryptonite spear. A fan asked Zack Snyder on Twitter why Batman, with all the technology he has at his disposal, chose a spear to be the weapon that kills Superman. Zack Snyder responded:

Again, back to the thesis, the general audience, due to theological apathy and biblical illiteracy, did not understand the religious discussion going on within Batman V Superman! When one grasps the imagery and the tough questions that the movie asks, the movie becomes so much more than just a superhero blockbuster movie. It becomes an exploration of the rejection and willful death of the Godman who became incarnate to bear the problem of evil itself and to redeem those who were lost.

The Justice League as Christian Saints

Batman is the one who was redeemed by the Godman. At Clark Kent’s funeral, the hymn “Amazing Grace” plays in the background. The lyrics go as follows:

Amazing grace how sweet the sound

That saved a wretch like me

I once was lost, but now I’m found

Was blind but now I see

Batman had become cruel; he had become an Übermensch who thought he could will to power his way out of his nihilism. Bruce Wayne was a wretch who branded and killed his enemies, but he was changed by the Godman. One could say that he was as blind as a bat, but now he sees.

Bruce Wayne, while talking to Diana (Wonder-Woman), states, “I’ve failed him… in life. I won’t fail him in death. Help me find the others like you.” Batman, who failed the Godman, is now honoring him with his life and is commissioned to find the others (the Justice League); one could say that he embarks on a great commission to find those that have been called by the death of the Godman, leaving them an example, so that they might follow in the Godman’s steps.

However, the Justice League knows that they cannot do this without Superman. Bruce states in the Justice League, “The world needs Superman… the team needs Clark.” Even the villains know that Superman is needed. Steppenwolf, in the Justice League, only comes to earth due to Superman’s death. He says, “No protectors here. No Lanterns. No Kryptonian. This world will fall, like all the others.” Without Christ, our world will fail. But Bruce knows that the death of the Godman is not where the story ends.

The Second Coming

In the ultimate edition of Batman V Superman, the Priest during Clark Kent’s funeral cites Isaiah 26:19: “But your dead will live, LORD; their bodies will rise — Let those who dwell in the dust wake up and shout for joy — your dew is like the dew of the morning; the earth will give birth to her dead.”

In the Justice League, Bruce Wayne and the team believe that Superman will be resurrected and will come again. Alfred asks Bruce how he knows this, and Bruce responds, “Faith, Alfred, Faith.” Now, contrast this with where our current culture is at. I find a quote from Friedrick Nietzsche to be helpful:

‘Whither is God?’ he cried; ‘I will tell you. We have killed him – you and I. All of us are his murderers… Whither is it moving now? Whither are we moving? Away from all suns? Are we not plunging continually? Backward, sideward, forward, in all directions? Is there still any up or down? Are we not straying, as through an infinite nothing? Do we not feel the breath of empty space? Has it not become colder? Is not night continually closing in on us? Do we not need to light lanterns in the morning? Do we hear nothing as yet of the noise of the gravediggers who are burying God? Do we smell nothing as yet of the divine decomposition? Gods, too, decompose’.2

The beginning question, “after 75 years, is Superman still our hero?” is one that I think our culture answers in the negative. In the Justice Leage, Superman returns and states to Steppenwolf that he is a fan of truth and justice. In our postmodern world, truth and justice do not exist; rather they are merely social constructions. For us in the west, we live in a post-Christian world. This drift away from the Christian story has brought along with it skyrocketing numbers of nihilistic behaviors. It has brought with it a meaning crisis where we are drifting in purposelessness. It has brought a world where the death of our loved ones feels meaningless and which forces us to will-to power fake meanings to cope with the Problem of Evil or forfeit, because there is no problem to be fixed, since problems imply purpose and teleology to which our current story provides none. We now live in a world where demons flourish because they smell the “decomposing God” that we have “killed”.

While Batman V Superman is a fictional comic book movie, the Christian story is our reality. Christ did in fact historically die, was buried, and rose to life, and shall return. In the meantime, how do we make the Godman desirable once again? We make Him desirable by putting on Christ, just like we put on the S of Superman, by having faith like Batman, and by following God’s Great Commission to find those that are to follow in the Godman’s steps. As we participate in the life of God, as Christ redeems our fallen human nature, and as we defeat the Problem of Evil, we shall see a culture that is as blind as a bat become awed with the grace and love of their savior.

  1. https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/zack-snyder-shares-secrets-lost-batman-v-superman-sequels-1287433/ ↩︎
  2. Fredrick Nietzsche, The Parable of the Mad Man, 1882. ↩︎

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Batman V Superman (2016) and its Missed Theological Message – Part 1

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Bad Movie or Missed Message? Batman V Superman, while far from perfect, is an amazing film. However, back in 2016, my friends and I, as well as most of the…

Bad Movie or Missed Message?

Batman V Superman, while far from perfect, is an amazing film. However, back in 2016, my friends and I, as well as most of the world, did not think so. Everyone who saw the film can remember the hilarious memes:

However, since then, I have grasped the theological significance of the movie and believe that Batman V Superman is an underappreciated, underrated, and over hated movie that has a deep theological message that went over the heads of the general audience. This, I think, is due to the theological apathy and biblical illiteracy of our current culture. While Zack Snyder, the director, is well known for his religious imagery in his films, one first must ask if it was Zack Snyder’s intention to make a theologically motivated film. In an interview with CNN, he says:

When we started to examine the Superman mythology, in the most classic sense, I really wanted to press upon the film the ‘why’ of him, which has been 75 years in the making… The Christ-like parallels, I didn’t make that stuff up. We weren’t like, ‘Hey, let’s add this!’ That stuff is there, in the mythology. That is the tried-and-true Superman metaphor. So rather than be snarky and say that doesn’t exist, we thought it would be fun to allow that mythology to be woven through.1

Snyder also posits one of the main questions of the film: “At 75, is Superman still our hero?”2 Zack Snyder builds upon this question by diving into the Problem of Evil, examining our culture’s attitude towards Christianity, by framing Superman as a Christ-figure, and by creating an amazing character arch for Ben Affleck’s Batman.

The Problem of Evil

Lex Luthor, when confronting Superman, exclaims, “See, what we call God depends upon our tribe, Clark Jo, cause God is tribal. God takes sides. No man in the sky intervened when I was a boy to deliver me from Daddy’s fist and abominations. I figured out way back if God is all-powerful, He cannot be all good. And if He is all good, then He cannot be all-powerful. And neither can you be.”

Lex Luthor takes directly from Epicurus’ famous argument: “Is God willing to prevent evil, but not able? Then he is not omnipotent. Is he able, but not willing? Then he is malevolent. Is he both able and willing? Then whence cometh evil? Is he neither able nor willing? Then why call him God?”3

It is not just villains who ask these questions, but biblical authors as well. David writes, “how long, Lord? Will you forget me forever? How long will you hide your face from me?” (Ps. 13:1). The prophet Habakkuk asks, “how long, Lord, must I call for help, but you do not listen? Or cry out to you, ‘Violence!’ but you do not save? Why do you make me look at injustice? Why do you tolerate wrongdoing?” (Hab. 1:2-3)

It is of great importance to notice that it is okay and even good to ask the questions that Luthor has; however, they do not demand hatred for God nor the logical conclusion that God does not exist. In fact, philosophers distinguish between the logical problem of evil and the evidential problem of evil because the former, the “Lex-Lutherian” form, fails, since it does not logically follow that God does not exist because evil exists. While there are many, many answers to the Problem of Evil, one answer explored by Zack Snyder is the Incarnation. But before we get to that, we must first analyze the current culture.

Christianity as Evil and Outdated

In our postmodern world, we find power to be evil and oppressive; therefore, an all-powerful character such as Superman, or God, must also be evil. Luthor asks Senator Finch, “do you know the oldest lie in America, Senator?” and answers, “it’s that power can be innocent.” Superman cannot be innocent; God cannot be innocent. Lex even goes as far as saying that Superman is a demon. Referring to a painting seen below, he says, “That should be upside down. We know better now, don’t we? Devils don’t come from hell beneath us. No, they come from the sky.”

Another key factor in understanding our culture today comes from one of Zack Snyder’s favorite lines, in which Superman, and traditional morality, is no longer sought after.4 Perry White, the Editor and Chief of the Daily Planet, yells at Clark for writing on the Batman. The dialogue goes as follows:

Perry White: You don’t get to decide what the right thing is.

Clark Kent: When the Planet was founded, it stood for something, Perry.

Perry White: And so could you if it was 1938, but it’s not 1938. WPA ain’t hiring no more. Apples don’t cost a nickel. Not in here, not out there. You drop this thing! Nobody cares about Clark Kent taking on the Batman.

There no longer exists a foundation for morality in today’s age. The age in which Superman was made (1938) no longer exists, hence why Zack Snyder’s Superman carries a dark overtone and is no longer the hopeful, bright, traditional Superman. It is not just Superman that finds himself in another world, but Batman as well.

The Nihilistic Übermensch and Killer of God

A problem that many fans took with Zack Snyder’s Batman is the fact that Snyder violated Batman’s famous “no-kill” rule. Batman traditionally does not kill; however, Snyder’s Batman kills without hesitation. This is due to the hardened nature of Ben Affleck’s Batman, who is a Nietzsche inspired Übermensch that has gone beyond good and evil. We get a glimpse of why Batman is this way when he stares at what is, presumably, Jason Todd’s Robin suit:

For those that are unaware, Jason Todd was a Robin who was beat to death with a crowbar by the Joker. In the comic book storyline, “A Death in the Family” we see Batman come the closest he ever has been to killing the Joker, yet he does not. Zack Snyder wished to push the Batman character to the edge to explore what Nihilism does to a hero and what the Übermensch is capable of.

Alfred Pennyworth gives us a glimpse into this nihilistic change in Batman when he says, “Oh, yes it has, sir. Everything’s changed. Men fall from the sky, the gods hurl thunderbolts, innocents die. That’s how it starts, sir. The fever, the rage, the feeling of powerlessness that turns good men… cruel.” Bruce Wayne, after the death of Jason Todd, feels powerless; therefore, he must transcend his moral tradition, he must go beyond good and evil, he must forge his own purpose and meaning. We see this most bluntly when Batman is dragging Superman on the ground during their battle and says, “bet your parents taught you that you mean something; that you’re here for a reason. My parents taught me a different lesson; dying in the gutter for no reason at all. They taught me that the world only made sense if you forced it to”. In Nietzsche’s world, Batman must carve out his own meaning to defeat his nihilism.

Sadly, what happens when we forfeit the Christian tradition is the death of God and with it, the character death of our heroes. We get a Batman that kills and that wishes to kill God.

See Part Two for an exploration of Superman as a Christ-figure that redeems Bruce Wayne through the “incarnation” and through his sacrificial death.

  1. https://www.cnn.com/2013/06/14/showbiz/zack-snyder-man-of-steel ↩︎
  2. Ibid. ↩︎
  3. Lactantius, De Ira Dei (On the Wrath of God), 1.13. ↩︎
  4. https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/zack-snyder-shares-secrets-lost-batman-v-superman-sequels-1287433/ ↩︎

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Music

NF, Mental Health, and Christian Culture

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I, as a fan of NF, was excited for his EP FEAR (2025) that was released a couple of weeks ago; however, I was surprised by its content. NF has…

I, as a fan of NF, was excited for his EP FEAR (2025) that was released a couple of weeks ago; however, I was surprised by its content. NF has always struggled with his mental health, but in his album HOPE (2023), he portrayed himself as overcoming fear. He had found a map to hope, he had finally forgiven his mom in his song “MAMA” (something he could not do in his song “How Could You Leave Us”), and he portrayed himself as joyful and content within his career in the song “MOTTO”. Most importantly he had finally outrun his depression and fear in his song “RUNNING”:

I wish you well, but I can no longer stand aside
And watch you sabotage the two of us
I love you to death, but I can’t spend the rest of my
Life in this darkness, I’m done
I’m done1

To fully understand the significance of NF’s newest EP, we should go back to the beginning. Before he was under the name NF, he had made a Christian rap album titled Moments (2010) under his actual name Nathan Feuerstein. Once he was under the name NF, he stopped being a “Christian rapper” but still leaves traces of his faith throughout all his music. In his song “Mansion” he opened up about the abuse that he faced at the hands of his mother’s boyfriend, discusses his mother’s death, and discusses his loneliness. He also portrays his mind as a mansion, and it is here where fear is introduced into his discography:

Fear came to my house years ago, I let him in
Maybe that’s the problem, ’cause I’ve been dealing with this ever since
I thought that he would leave, but it’s obvious he never did
He must have picked the room and got comfortable and settled in
Now I’m in the position, it’s either sit here and let him win
Or put him back outside where he came from, but I never can
‘Cause in order to do that I’d have to open the doors
Is that me or the fear talking?
I don’t know anymore1

He then went on to compose the song “Therapy Session” where he discusses how music is a gift from God. He says:

Like, this is something that personally helps me as well
I’m not confused about who gave me the gift
God gave me the gift and He gave me the ability to, to do this
And He also gave me this as an outlet
And that’s what music is for me2

NF’s music serves as an outlet for his struggles and even functions as a way to relate to God. In his album Perception (2017), we got a taste of hope for NF as he buried fear in his song “Intro 3”. It is also here where he introduced the keys that reappear throughout his music. In his album The Search (2019), he started the journey of finding hope. In The Search we got hopeful songs such as “Change” and “The Search”, but we also got vulnerable and despairful songs such as “Trauma”, “Hate Myself”, and “Let Me Go”. In the album HOPE, which is mentioned above, he began to produce more positive songs.

In his newest song “FEAR” we learn that fear has been unburied, that NF is struggling again with his OCD, and that NF has relapsed. Referring to the song “RUNNING” he says:

Told the world that I was sick of runnin’, then went back to runnin’, what a joke
Disappointed, yeah, me too, I thought I finally had finally made a breakthrough, guess not3

The Chorus then begins a discussion with God:

Standing back, watching my mansion burn to ash while I
Hold the gas can, asking God if He started this fire
Is this what You wanted? Is this what You wanted?4

NF poses a great question, does God cause the burning of some of our “mansions”? I think sometimes yes. C.S. Lewis thought that his grief over his wife’s death was an opportunity for God to knock down his “mansion”. Lewis writes, “He always knew that my temple was a house of cards. His only way of making me realize the fact was to knock it down.”5 The Apostle James writes, “Consider it pure joy, my brothers and sisters, whenever you face trials of many kinds, because you know that the testing of your faith produces perseverance” (James 1:2-3). While James is writing to persecuted Christians, I do think this passage can be applied for all kinds of trials. I think NF even realizes in his song “WASHED UP” that God is at work within his trials:

The Lord knew I needed this to survive the violence
The raw truth, I’m nothin’ without the Father’s guidance6

The “this” he needed to survive the violence is music, and he realizes that without the father’s guidance and gift of music, he would be nothing. One could even say that music is an instrumental cause or tool of sanctification for NF. If he is guided by the Father and the Father is the one who “started the fire” then could the burning of the mansion be something good? Could the burning of the mansion be an act of conforming one’s mind to a new foundation as the Apostle Paul tells us to do? In the music video for “HOPE”, NF, as the hope character, is outside of the mansion but gets pushed back into the mansion by fear. In “Mansion” NF wanted the mansion to be burned down:

Wish I could take a match and burn this whole room to the ground
Matter of fact, I think I’ma burn this room right now
So how this memory for some reason just won’t come down7

In the music video for “WASHED UP” it is not fear who burns the mansion; it is a new grim reaper character. Some fans have theorized this is NF’s anger, death itself, or simply NF. In “FEAR” it is hope who holds the gas can. Who is burning the mansion? Is it God, NF, hope, death, or anger? NF also repeatedly asks if this is what God wants:

Make all my hopes and my dreams come to life just to lay them to rest
Is this what You wanted? Is this what You wanted?
Give me a false sense of peace just to show me what peace really is
Is this what You wanted?8

What is this false sense of peace? I think he provides room for speculation as he ends “WASHED UP” with asking:

Am I on the brink of somethin’ great
Or have I lost it?
Am I on the verge of makin’ waves
Or am I washed up?9

It seems that NF no longer has peace due to his worry that he is washed up. Is NF’s peace in his career or is it in Christ? Ultimately, these questions that I propose will not be answered by me, so I leave them for NF to hopefully answer them in an upcoming album. But I do wish to make two key points about NF’s struggles.

Christian Culture’s Need For REALNESS

Even if NF’s peace is in Christ, that does not mean that he should not be relapsing. Growing up as an NF fan, I remember that some people thought that Christians should not listen to NF due to his music being too depressing. However, his authenticity, honesty, and vulnerability ought to help Christians. One third of the Psalms, which are music, are laments. We find many Psalms such as Psalms 3, 13, 22, 42, and 44 comforting even though they can be perceived as depressing. Psalm 88 is one of the most depressing as it ends with the author saying that darkness is his only friend. Ecclesiastes is known for its depressing character; however, it too is therapeutic. Jesus Himself is authentic and does not hide his emotions from God. Fulfilling Psalm 22 He asks, “my God, My God, why have you forsaken me?” (Matthew 27:46). The church, as the body of Christ, needs this authenticity and vulnerability!

I think a key aspect to NF’s success is his authenticity and vulnerability; he is REAL and people desire realness. Sadly, the church is not perceived as REAL. A 2024 study found that only 52% of individuals say that they think their church community has no stigma when it comes to mental health.10 This stigma is so prevalent within the church that NF left the Christian music industry because he felt his music did not fit the Christian mold.11 We often have a fear of how we are perceived within our church communities. If one admits that he is struggling, then he may wonder if his church community will shun him. However, David, a man after God’s own heart, never shied away from his struggles; his struggles even became a means of worship for Israel!

We must ask and discuss if the church makes room for questions, doubts, confessions, relapses, mental health, and thematically dark art as God gave us such artistic expressions as a therapeutic outlet. The church ought to be REAL and if the church cultivates this, then we can help those who are relapsing, who are struggling to overcome sin, who struggle with mental health, and who are wrestling with God. We need this because we all fit those descriptions; the question is, are we willing to be vulnerable enough to admit it and discuss it?

  1. NF, featuring Fleurie. “Mansion.” On Mansion, 2015, Capitol CMG, audio. ↩︎
  2. NF. “Therapy Session.” On Therapy Session, track 1, Capitol Christian Music Group, 2016, audio. ↩︎
  3. NF. “FEAR.” On FEAR, NF Real Music, LLC, 2025, audio.  ↩︎
  4. Ibid.  ↩︎
  5. Lewis, C.S. A Grief Observed, New York: HarperCollins, 1961. ↩︎
  6. NF. “WASHED UP.” On FEAR, NF Real Music, LLC, 2025, audio. ↩︎
  7. NF, featuring Fleurie. “Mansion.” On Mansion, 2015, Capitol CMG, audio. ↩︎
  8. NF. “FEAR.” On FEAR, NF Real Music, LLC, 2025, audio.   ↩︎
  9. NF. “WASHED UP.” On FEAR, NF Real Music, LLC, 2025, audio. ↩︎
  10. “New Polling Data Shows Most People of Faith Would Seek Mental Health Care if Recommended by Their Faith Leader”, American Psychiatric Association, September 16, 2024, https://www.psychiatry.org/news-room/news-releases/new-polling-data-shows-most-people-of-faith-would#:~:text=WASHINGTON%2C%20D.C.%20%E2%80%94%20A%20survey%20released,condition%2C%E2%80%9D%20said%20Marketa%20M. ↩︎
  11. Justin Sharachik, “NF Gives Definitive Answers on His Faith & Christian Rap Roots”, May 13, 2023, https://rapzilla.com/2023-05-nf-gives-definitive-answers-faith-christian-rap-roots/. ↩︎
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Reflections / Devotionals

On Superheroes

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Spare our Lord Jesus Christ, I sometimes believe that there are no real superheroes, that there is not one benevolent person who possesses superhuman powers. Despite sometimes not believing in…

Spare our Lord Jesus Christ, I sometimes believe that there are no real superheroes, that there is not one benevolent person who possesses superhuman powers. Despite sometimes not believing in them, I am uplifted by fictitious stories of superheroes. Amidst chaos, a little boy closes his eyes and says, “Superman,” and the enthused faith with which he anticipates the hero’s coming is as sure as the noon sun on a clear day.

Contemporary man, I think, believes superheroes are fiction, where fictions lack concrete existence. To be sure, there is a sense in which he should. Clark Kent qua person does not exist; there is no person who is Clark Kent. Nevertheless, the fascination with which man entertains fictitious superheroes is not unusual, for he was designed to delight in superheroes. It is a natural inclination of man to take satisfaction in characters who make the ordinary unfamiliar and surprising. Superheroes excite and imbue the imagination with wonder and hope.

Yet the Creator’s intention, I think, was not that I should satisfy my desire for superheroes with merely fictitious narratives. Primarily satisfying the yearning for superheroes through fiction is, in many respects, primarily delighting in novelties, characters with no concrete correspondence to reality. When contemporary man satisfies himself in this way, the fictitious superheroes largely replace the reality of God’s blessings to man. Fictitious superheroes are for the a-religious what the saints of God are to the Christian. A cursory glance at hagiographical and Scriptural texts attests to parallels between fictional superheroes and saints:

By God’s blessing, St. Scholastica caused a storm to erupt, ensuring she could spend more time with her brother (Abbey, 239). St. Padre Pio could multiply locate (bilocate) his physical body (Mróz, 135). St. Saraphim of Sarov befriended a bear who placidly fetched him honey (Cavarnos and Zeldin, 65). St. Clare of Assisi struck terror into the hearts of advancing Roman soldiers simply by raising a pyx (Abbey, 64). Mary, the Mother of God, caused the sun to sway in the sky (Dalleur). St. Joseph of Cupertino levitated before astonished parishioners (Herbermann, 520). St. Elijah the Prophet caused fire to descend from the heavens (1 Kings 18:38). St. Michael the Archangel banished Satan from Paradise in a flash of lightning (Luke 10:18).

Throughout history, there have been thousands of saints whose lives demonstrate benevolence and superhuman powers. Despite this astounding fact, it is more common for children to want to be like Spider-Man than any one of these. This should perturb any Christian. The reality is that Spider-Man doesn’t exist, and many children are unaware of God’s blessings to man because of their parents’ ignorance or negligence, and because of society’s fictional infatuations. Contemporary man, I think, falsely infers the non-existence of real superheroes from the fact of the non-existence of fictitious superheroes: Superman, Captain America, Batman, the Hulk, etc., don’t exist. Therefore, superheroes don’t exist. This inference is partly due to a lack of knowledge or interest concerning the lives of the saints, the highest constituents of God’s heavenly city–the real superheroes.

Let not your attention nor desire for the wonderful be consumed by these pseudo-religious films depicting fictional superheroes. I don’t claim there’s something wrong per se with taking delight in novelties, but there is something wrong with delighting in them more frequently than in our beloved saints. Mary Oliver has a similar reflection when wading through the beauty of God’s creation: “Something is wrong, I know it, if I don’t keep my attention on eternity…May I forever stay in the stream (7).” Even if there is nothing wrong with delighting in novelties per se, they should always, nevertheless, be understood in light of reality. But I’m afraid that contemporary man is more familiar with fictional tales than with the reality of God’s providence. For that reason (among many others), together with his faulty inference, contemporary man, I think, believes superheroes are fiction.

Possible Discussion Questions

Would delighting in any fictional story entail delighting in a novelty, a fad for reality? What if what one finds delightful in a “novelty” are the symbols with which the fictional story allegorizes reality? Is delighting in allegories equivalent to delighting in fads? Is it bad to know more about Gandalf than the “highest constituents” of God’s heavenly city? Are fictional tales and God’s providence mutually exclusive?

Bibliography

  • Cavarnos, Constantine and Zeldin, Mary-Barbara. Modern Orthodox Saints, St Seraphim of Sarov, 10 vols. The Institute for Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies, 2001.
  • Dalleur, Philippe. “Fatima Pictures and Testimonials: in-depth Analysis.” Scientia et Fides 9, no. 1 (2021): 9-45.
  • Herbermann, Charles et al. The Catholic Encyclopedia, vol. 8, 15 vols. The Encyclopedia Press. 1915.
  • Mróz, Franciszek. “On the Footprings of Saint Padre Pio of Pietrelcina.” Peregrinus Cracoviensis 13. (2002): 135-157.
  • Oliver, Mary. Upstream: Selected Essays. Penguin Books, 2016.
  • St. Augustine’s Abbey, The Book of Saints. A&C Black, 1921.
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Superman (2025): Who Do We Want Superman to Be?

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In the past two articles in this three part series, I’ve argued that in past Superman movies, Superman was written as a Christ figure, or someone who emulates an important…

In the past two articles in this three part series, I’ve argued that in past Superman movies, Superman was written as a Christ figure, or someone who emulates an important aspect or aspects of Christ’s character, mission or identity. For the newest movie, Superman (2025), I’ve made the case that this Superman is not a Christ figure, and is instead more of a humanist or existentialist exemplar.

But, so what? So what if this Superman is more humanist than messianic? For those that enjoyed the movie (and I certainly did too), this whole article might seem like another pointless addition to the never ending culture war. Superman (2025) is supposed to be a fun summer movie that you enjoy for the visuals and don’t think too deeply about. Right?

The truth is, very few (if any) instances of art and media are truly neutral, philosophically speaking. The significant changes to Superman’s origins and character were clearly deliberate. And if deliberate, then they were likely motivated by a philosophical stance or agenda. Our art, including “fun summer movies”, shapes us and forms us as people. The messages in our movies, shows and literature inform and influence our worldviews. So as Christians, we need to be constantly mindful and vigilant of all the implicit messages that any story, even the fun and silly ones, is trying to communicate. 

Christian Existentialism

So what do we do with this new Superman? Must Superman be a Christ figure to be acceptable? First, it must be said that existentialism isn’t an inherently bad philosophy. There were some Christian existentialists, such as Søren Kierkegaard, Blaise Pascal and Fyodor Dostoevsky. They generally upheld the importance of personal choice. Pascal, for example, is famous for “Pascal’s Wager”, which encourages people to believe in God even in the absence of evidence, as rejecting God could have dire consequences. 

And some existentialist views do correspond to Christian teachings. Existentialism teaches that your choices make you what you are. We can find a similar theme in 2 Peter 1:3-11. Here, Peter tells us that though God has “given us everything we need for a godly life”, we are to “make every effort” to complement our faith with various spiritual virtues. These virtues “will keep you from being ineffective and unproductive in your knowledge of our Lord Jesus Christ”. Whoever does not have them is “nearsighted and blind”. So in some sense, we are responsible for the formation of our own character, and it is up to us (though of course with the help of God’s grace) to make the right choices in order to be a virtuous person. 

This means that there are many positive lessons to learn from Superman (2025). Just like Clark, none of us have a choice when it comes to the parents we have, or the situation we are born into. But we can make the right choices despite our origins, as Clark did. No matter how ungodly or godly our household was during our childhoods, for example, it is up to each of us individually to accept God’s free gift of salvation and choose to obey Him. 

Sisyphus or Savior?

On the other hand, Superman has long been a prominent Christ figure (at least in the movies). One less Christ figure in media means even less Christian influence in contemporary entertainment. And Superman (2025) is not alone. Shows like Invincible and The Boys turn “superman” figures into ruthless conquerors or morally bankrupt, egocentric frauds. These shows teach that you can’t trust the Christ figures. Rather, people must abandon hope in salvation from above and embrace the existentialist idea that you can only save yourself. 

Maybe we as Christians don’t want every single character in our media to be just another flawed human being. Maybe we do want Christ figures in our films, shows and literature. At least, we might sometimes want stronger, more explicit Christian themes in our entertainment rather than just generic ethical messages that can apply to any worldview. The less Christ figures we have in our media, the less interested our culture might become in Christ. The more the gospel gets squeezed out of our stories, the more our entertainment becomes the salt that has lost its taste, or the light which is hidden under a basket. 

Maybe Superman doesn’t have to be messianic for us to enjoy him. But surely we want some character out there to remind us of Christ. 

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Superman (2025): Who is Superman Now?

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In the last article, we saw that Christian theology heavily influenced Superman’s origin story and character in past movies. Superman’s benevolent parents send him to guide humanity and be a…

In the last article, we saw that Christian theology heavily influenced Superman’s origin story and character in past movies. Superman’s benevolent parents send him to guide humanity and be a “light” to them. 

Superman (2025) turns this Christian message on its head. At first, it seems as though Clark’s Kryptonian parents are exactly like the Jor-El and Lara (Superman’s mother) of past portrayals. In the Fortress of Solitude, Superman’s Arctic base, Clark listens to a message from his parents. This message definitely seems messianic. Lara explains, “we have searched the universe for a home where you can do the most good and live out Krypton’s truth.” Jor-El then says, “that place is Earth”. Unfortunately, the message is damaged and only a portion of it can be played. 

So far, so good, right? Well, it turns out that Superman’s parents didn’t really have the best intentions in mind for Earth. Superman’s nemesis Lex Luthor later exposes the missing portion of Jor-El and Lara’s message, revealing a sinister, imperialist plot. 

Jor-El tells his son, “The people there (Earth) are simple and profoundly confused, weak of mind and spirit and body.” So Jor-El commands Superman to “lord over the planet as the last son of Krypton” and to “rule without mercy”. Lara twists the knife with this spectacular advice: “Dispatch of anyone unable or unwilling to serve you, Kal-El. Take as many wives as you can so your genes and Krypton’s might and legacy will live on in this new frontier.”  

Message Denied

Obviously, Clark and the denizens of Earth don’t receive this message so well. So, a distraught Clark turns to his adoptive human father, Jonathan Kent, for advice. Jonathan, in a tenderhearted tone that reflects his down-to-earth wisdom, tells his son that “parents aren’t for telling their children who they’re supposed to be”. 

We can already see how Superman (2025) changes Clark’s Christian origins somewhat radically. Instead of godlike, benevolent parental figures, Clark’s Kryptonian parents are chauvinistic and authoritarian. Clark’s messianic mission is nothing more than an imperialist plot. And we learn that not only should Clark’s biological parents be rejected as moral guides, but actually no parent should tell their children who they’re supposed to be (including divine parents?). It’s not hard to see how these are all significant departures from the Superman of previous films. 

Superman turns more humanist as Jonathan Kent reveals more of his philosophy of identity. Jonathan says, “Your choices, Clark. Your actions. That’s what makes you who you are.”

Sartre’s Superman

Students of existentialism will recognize this message very quickly. It is the classic existentialist motto, “existence precedes essence”. Existentialists such as Jean-Paul Sartre taught that the fact that you exist (existence) comes before facts about what you are (essence). In other words, you start off in the world as an existing thing, but we have no idea what kind of thing or person you are. Why? Because it is your own choices that define what or who you are. Until you start making your own choices and defining who you are for yourself, you are a blank slate, and your essence is indeterminate. 

In his book Existentialism is a Humanism, Sartre explains his philosophy in detail. He writes, “What do we mean by saying that existence precedes essence? (…) If man as the existentialist sees him is not definable, it is because to begin with he is nothing. He will not be anything until later, and then he will be what he makes of himself”.

This view sharply diverges from traditional philosophy, which holds that essence precedes existence. For example, there is such a thing as a universal “human nature” which human beings participate in or take on when they are conceived. But Sartre writes, “there is no human nature, because there is no God to have a conception of it”. Beyond rejecting traditional philosophy, this statement illuminates the atheistic element of Sartre’s existentialism. It also closely relates to Superman’s origins in Superman (2025). 

Kryptonian Enlightenment

As we saw, in stark contrast to the previous Superman films, Superman does not have benevolent, quasi-divine parents to define his identity and mission for him. His parents, like all forms of “organized religion”, turn out to be moral frauds, and Clark must cast their teachings aside. Since he has no guide (like Sartre has no God), Clark must figure out the meaning of life for himself.

As Clark himself declares to his nemesis Lex Luthor at the climax of the movie, “I’m as human as anyone. I love, I get scared. I wake up every morning, and despite not knowing what to do, I put one foot in front of the other, and I try to make the best choices I can. I screw up all the time. But that is being human. And that’s my greatest strength.” 

Maybe nobody created Superman’s new origin story with an anti-religion or anti-theist agenda. But it’s still telling that Superman (2025) not only replaces Superman’s Christian origins and mission, but conspicuously and intentionally subverts them. 

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